Bryan A. Garner

 Today: Generally. In 1926, H.W. Fowler used the term “superstitions” to describe, in the field of writing, “unintelligent applications of an unintelligent dogma” (Modern English Usage 586 [1st ed.]). Experts in usage have long railed against them as arrant nonsense, yet they retain a firm grip — if not a stranglehold — on the average …

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 supplement, n.; complement, n. A “supplement” is simply something added {a dietary supplement}. A “complement” is a wholly adequate supplement; it’s something added to complete or perfect a whole {that scarf is a perfect complement to your outfit}. supplementary; supplemental; suppletory; *suppletive. “Supplementary” is the ordinary word. The other forms have the same meaning, namely, …

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Today: Misused for “surpass” or “beat.” Sportswriters have begun using “supersede” as a synonym of “beat”: thus, one team is said to “supersede” another when it wins a game. E.g.: Tim Cowlishaw, “Cowboys Superseded [read ‘Beaten’] by Redskins: Dallas Defense Overpowered in 35-16 Loss,” Dallas Morning News, 7 Sept. 1993, at B1. And other writers …

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Today: The Corresponding Noun. “Supersession” is the noun form of “supersede,” meaning either “the act of superseding” or “the state of being superseded.” E.g.: “School Board 12 is the sixth community school board that has had part of its operations superseded by Mr. Fernandez and his aides. Supersession is a more lenient step than suspension.” …

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Today: Spelling. This word — from the Latin root “-sed-” (“to sit”), not “-ced-” (“to move”) — is properly spelled with an internal -s-, not a -c-. But so many other English words end in “-cede” or “-ceed” that many writers unconsciously distort the spelling of “supersede.” Spelling it correctly is one of the hallmarks …

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supervise is occasionally misspelled *"supervize" — e.g.: “And when any out-of-state parolee is under New Hampshire’s jurisdiction, it is the Granite State’s parole board [that] supervizes [read ‘supervises’] parole.” Pat Grossmith, “Humphrey’s Criminal Record Wasn’t Shared Between Region’s States,” Union Leader (Manchester, N.H.), 19 Oct. 1994, at 4. supervisory; supervisorial. “Supervisory” = of or relating …

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These words have almost opposite senses. “Sumptuous” = excessively luxurious; made or produced at great cost {a sumptuous feast}. “Sumptuary” = relating to or designed to regulate expenditures {sumptuary regulations}. “Sumptuous” is sometimes misspelled *”sumptious,” perhaps under the influence of “scrumptious” — e.g.: o “If you have a leftover fish, you can convert it into …

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sum total of. This phrase is technically a redundancy — “sum” meaning “total” — but it’s a venial one not likely to disappear from the modern lexicon. And the phrase can be especially useful for emphatic purposes in such lines as “the sum total of our knowledge” — although a few sticklers would probably prefer …

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The broad term for a person who believes that a disenfranchised class of people should have the right to vote is “suffragist.” That term has been traced back to the early 19th century. In American English, it extends especially to women’s suffrage. “Suffragette” (referring specifically to any woman who participated in the movement to give …

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This phrase is verbose for “enough” — e.g.: o “As might be expected, he found a sufficient number of [read ‘enough’] legislators receptive to the state’s crying need to legalize betting.” O.K. Carter, “Races’ Old Patron Would Be Proud,” Ft. Worth Star-Telegram, 17 Apr. 1997, at 1. o “But the 1996 farm law requires the …

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“Suffice it to say” is the subjunctive form of “it suffices to say.” E.g.: o “Suffice it to say that the plotters, once their plan has been set into motion, aren’t content to leave well enough alone.” Janet Maslin, “‘Deathtrap’ with Michael Caine,” N.Y. Times, 19 Mar. 1982, at C8. o “When her students were …

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Part A: As a Demonstrative Adjective. “Such” is properly used as an adjective when reference has previously been made to a category of people or things: thus “such” means “of that kind” {such a person} {such people}. It isn’t properly equivalent to “this,” “that,” “these,” or “those.” With this word two points should be kept …

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Part A: Pronunciation. “Substantive” — a commonly mispronounced word — has three, not four, syllables: /SUHB-stuhn-tiv/. The common error in American English is to insert what is technically known as an epenthetical “-e-” after the second syllable: /SUHB-stuh-nuh-tiv/. Still another blunder is to accent the second syllable: /suhb-STAN-tiv/. Language-Change Index — “substantive” mispronounced with four …

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subsistence is occasionally misspelled *”subsistance” — e.g.: “Fuller rightly observes that the causes of Third World deforestation are complex, varied and largely attributable to the subsistance [read ‘subsistence’] needs of local people.” Ted Ferrioli, “Maybe if We Called Loggers ‘Rural Natives’ It Would Help,” Oregonian (Portland), 28 June 1996, at C7. substantiate. So spelled — …

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Part A: For “later.” Using the four-syllable word in place of the two-syllable word is rarely, if ever, a good stylistic choice. Part B: And “consequently.” Though both words contain the sense “following” or “occurring later,” “consequently” has primarily a causal nuance: “occurring because of.” Frequently “subsequently” (which has no connotation of causation) is misused …

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